Communication risks

Workshop participants discussed the potential for, when an air display takes place at an aerodrome with an active tower, misunderstanding and confusion between:

  • ATC
  • the display coordinator (Air Boss)
  • participants.

The discussion was most relevant to large air displays that required a display coordinator. Concerns raised included:

  • control responsibilities during the display, for example tower controller vs display coordinator
  • communication between the tower controller and display coordinator
  • expected phraseology used during a display for the display pilots vs standard AIP phraseology used by tower controllers
  • possible lack of understanding by tower controller about air display procedures and clearances
  • possible lack of understanding of limitations of display aircraft.

What can operators do?

In consultation with Airservices and local ATC authorities, you can:

  • develop a risk register identifying potential hazards and reduce risks to an acceptable level
  • develop agreed upon procedures to ensure all have a clear understanding of their role and responsibilities during the air display
  • properly brief all tower controllers and air boss(es) and ensure they understand their roles during the display
  • properly brief display pilots
  • ensure display pilots are aware of any differences of procedure when the air display is under:
    • the sole control of an air boss
    • the control of both an air boss and ATC
  • record developed procedures in your company documents and keep up to date as required
  • establish and record the minimum event standards for air displays to share within the sector.

What is CASA doing or has already delivered?

The Part 91 Manual of Standards outlines the minimum radio calls and who needs to make them. You can find requirements in the Part 91 plain English guide.

Advisory circulars

Advisory circular AC 91-21 helps operators and organisers meet Part 91 of CASR requirements:

Published date: 2 October 2025
Online version available at: https://www.casa.gov.au//operations-safety-and-travel/safety-management-systems/sector-safety-risk-profiles/air-displays-sector-safety-risk-profile/communication-risks
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