Business aviation sector safety risk profile

PE1: Begin implementation of regulatory and system changes following the review of RePL requirements

Updated 31 October 2025

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TWG recommendation -

The release of the Technical Working Group recommendations for a comprehensive flight test for medium RPA category licences has been delayed.

This is to ensure full development of the proposal, benefits, risks, controls and impact to RePL holders and training organisations.

We aim to open consultation in the middle of 2026.

TWG recommendation -

The TWG has agreed on a recommendation and submitted it to the Aviation Safety Advisory Panel for review. We expect to start public consultation in September 2025.

TWG established -

We are working with industry through a TWG, established by the Aviation Safety Advisory Panel, on medium category and broader RPAS licensing framework improvements.

Category(s)
Recent update
TWG recommendation -

The release of the Technical Working Group recommendations for a comprehensive flight test for medium RPA category licences has been delayed.

This is to ensure full development of the proposal, benefits, risks, controls and impact to RePL holders and training organisations.

We aim to open consultation in the middle of 2026.

PE3: Commence implementation of standard training and licensing requirements for personnel involved in piloted passenger carrying AAM

Updated 31 October 2025

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Project scoping commenced -

CASA has approved the AAM aircraft pilot licensing project to establish the license and competency requirements.

The project plan is endorsed with the initial steps now underway. Industry engagement is planned to commence Q3 2026.

Category(s)
Recent update
Project scoping commenced -

CASA has approved the AAM aircraft pilot licensing project to establish the license and competency requirements.

The project plan is endorsed with the initial steps now underway. Industry engagement is planned to commence Q3 2026.

PE9: Implement standard training and licensing requirements for personnel involved in remotely piloted and optionally piloted passenger carrying AAM

Updated 11 December 2024

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PE10: Introduce updated licensing requirements for RPAS and AAM operations factoring in the increasing levels of automation

Updated 11 December 2024

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PE11: Implement standard licensing and training requirements for AAM dispatchers

Updated 11 December 2024

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IN1: Develop guidance material, design requirements and rules for vertiports and other infrastructure required to support AAM operations

Updated 21 July 2025

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Consultation commenced -

On 10 June 2025, we opened consultation on draft advisory circular (AC) 139.10 v1.0: Guidelines for vertical flight aircraft facilities at aerodromes designed for aeroplanes.

We intended the AC to provide guidance to aerodrome and aircraft operators in the planning, design and operation of facilities for both:

  • helicopters
  • vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capable aircraft (VCA).

It applies to facilities located on an aerodrome that the designers of which may have only designed for fixed-wing aeroplanes.

Category(s)
Recent update
Consultation commenced -

On 10 June 2025, we opened consultation on draft advisory circular (AC) 139.10 v1.0: Guidelines for vertical flight aircraft facilities at aerodromes designed for aeroplanes.

We intended the AC to provide guidance to aerodrome and aircraft operators in the planning, design and operation of facilities for both:

  • helicopters
  • vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capable aircraft (VCA).

It applies to facilities located on an aerodrome that the designers of which may have only designed for fixed-wing aeroplanes.

IN2: Consider a regulatory framework to support RPAS and AAM infrastructure (for example vertiports, vertipads)

Updated 11 December 2024

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Category(s)

IN3: Develop guidance for infrastructure required to support research and development activities

Updated 11 December 2024

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IN4: Develop certification requirements for infrastructure and infrastructure related equipment

Updated 11 December 2024

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IN5: Develop a regulatory framework for the operation of research and development infrastructure

Updated 11 December 2024

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Category(s)

OP1a: Review existing RPAS approval and oversight processes to make sure they are proportionate to the risk and complexity of operational activities

Updated 31 October 2025

View Operations timeline

Broad area BVLOS pathway trial -

CASA is trialling 4 approval pathways for broad area BVLOS flight operations for 12 months until 15 October 2026.

A ReOC holder who meets the requirements and criteria for these BVLOS flight approvals may apply for and receive broad area BVLOS operations approval for 12 months.

Read the temporary management instruction Broad BVLOS Operations to find out how to apply.

Category(s)
Recent update
Broad area BVLOS pathway trial -

CASA is trialling 4 approval pathways for broad area BVLOS flight operations for 12 months until 15 October 2026.

A ReOC holder who meets the requirements and criteria for these BVLOS flight approvals may apply for and receive broad area BVLOS operations approval for 12 months.

Read the temporary management instruction Broad BVLOS Operations to find out how to apply.

OP2: Develop and publish further guidance material for RPAS operations already enabled in existing rules including acceptable means of compliance

Updated 21 May 2025

View Operations timeline

SORA - New population density bands -

We have reviewed and introduced new population density bands associated with the specific operations risk assessment (SORA) criteria, adapted for the Australian environment. These additional population bands give industry greater flexibility in the operational area by providing a more accurate ground risk classification and reducing unnecessary control measures.

The industry responded positively to our ‘Assessing Ground Risk for Beyond Visual Line of Sight Operations’ webinar on 3 December 2024.

We are continuing to improve guidance and pathways for beyond visual line of sight operations and operations over and near people.

Category(s)
Recent update
SORA - New population density bands -

We have reviewed and introduced new population density bands associated with the specific operations risk assessment (SORA) criteria, adapted for the Australian environment. These additional population bands give industry greater flexibility in the operational area by providing a more accurate ground risk classification and reducing unnecessary control measures.

The industry responded positively to our ‘Assessing Ground Risk for Beyond Visual Line of Sight Operations’ webinar on 3 December 2024.

We are continuing to improve guidance and pathways for beyond visual line of sight operations and operations over and near people.

OP3: Work with first responder agencies to enable safe operations and improve safety education

Updated 31 October 2025

View Operations timeline

Exemption issued -

We have been working closely with State and Territory Police forces and have issued exemption instruments to support police operations where drones can be used indoors.

Supporting first responders -

We continue to support State and Territory first responders, to develop procedure manuals for scenario-based operations used in emergencies or recovery efforts.

We may issue exemption instruments from certain regulations to enable the efficient and timely use of RPAS during emergencies.

Category(s)
Recent update
Exemption issued -

We have been working closely with State and Territory Police forces and have issued exemption instruments to support police operations where drones can be used indoors.

OP4: Conduct a gap analysis of CASR Parts to identify rule changes required to support RPAS and AAM operations

Updated 11 December 2024

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Category(s)

OP5: Review and develop pathways to support research and development operations

Updated 31 October 2025

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Consultation opened 13 October 2025 -

We're asking for feedback on:

  • the current framework that supports research and development (R&D) operations
  • how we can improve the safety and regulatory framework to better support R&D for uncrewed aircraft operations.

Submit your feedback by 9 December 2025 via our Consultation Hub to help shape support R&D for uncrewed aircraft operations.

Discussion paper update -

We have scheduled the release of the discussion paper for July 2025. We completed an internal peer review and are preparing for public release through the consultation hub.

Discussion paper delay -

The release of the discussion paper is experiencing a slight delay for public release. Internal peer review of the paper is expected to close in mid-April, after which CASA will consider feedback and determine next steps for engagement.

Due to standard practices around election periods, we now expect to release the paper after the election.

Discussion paper update -

The discussion paper has been finalised. We are preparing for public release through the consultation hub in October 2025.
 

Category(s)
Recent update
Consultation opened 13 October 2025 -

We're asking for feedback on:

  • the current framework that supports research and development (R&D) operations
  • how we can improve the safety and regulatory framework to better support R&D for uncrewed aircraft operations.

Submit your feedback by 9 December 2025 via our Consultation Hub to help shape support R&D for uncrewed aircraft operations.

OP6: Guidance material for the carriage of dangerous goods (DG)

Updated 25 November 2025

View Operations timeline

Milestone update -

DG guidance delayed.

Due to conflicting priorities, we now expect delivery of the carriage of Dangerous Goods (DG) in Q1 2026. This change will not impact any DG advice or approvals required in the interim.

On track for consultation -

Draft guidance material has been developed. We anticipate it to be released for public consultation in Q4 2025.

Category(s)
Recent update
Milestone update -

DG guidance delayed.

Due to conflicting priorities, we now expect delivery of the carriage of Dangerous Goods (DG) in Q1 2026. This change will not impact any DG advice or approvals required in the interim.

OP4a: Develop industry guidance to support large RPAS operations

Updated 21 May 2025

View Operations timeline

Investigating regulatory pathways -

CASA continues to investigate regulatory pathways to enable commercial operations involving large RPAs without an airworthiness certificate. Communications with industry will be forthcoming once CASA has concluded its investigations.

Category(s)
Recent update
Investigating regulatory pathways -

CASA continues to investigate regulatory pathways to enable commercial operations involving large RPAs without an airworthiness certificate. Communications with industry will be forthcoming once CASA has concluded its investigations.

OP8: Continue to develop policy and pathways for the assessment of complex RPAS operations

Updated 11 December 2024

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OP1b: Review AAM approval and oversight processes to make sure they are proportionate to the risk and complexity of operational activities

Updated 11 December 2024

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Category(s)

OP13: Complete analysis to integrate RPAS operational requirements into relevant CASR parts for operations outside the scope of Part 101

Updated 11 December 2024

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OP15: Consider alternative methods of regulatory oversight, including possible use of self-administering organisations

Updated 11 December 2024

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OP4b: Engage internationally to assist the development of regulatory pathways to resolve the 12 nm issue

Updated 11 December 2024

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OP9b: Develop rule changes and guidance on the operational approval requirements for AAM operations (remotely piloted)

Updated 11 December 2024

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OP14b: Monitor and review rule changes required to support AAM operational maturity

Updated 11 December 2024

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OP16: Mature risk calculation methods used for determining operational categories using data, artificial intelligence and/or quantitative methods

Updated 11 December 2024

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Category(s)

AA1: Publish guidance on cybersecurity for RPAS

Updated 25 November 2025

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Consultation opened 5 November 2025 -

We would like your feedback on the draft advisory circular (AC) for airworthiness cybersecurity for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS).

Airworthiness cybersecurity is about the protection of aviation information systems from cyber threats. most importantly, this relates to intentional unauthorised electronic interactions that may result in adverse effects upon the safety of an aircraft.

Submit your feedback by 5 December 2025 via our Consultation Hub.

Guidance under review -

Draft guidance material is undergoing final review. We expect to publish it for consultation by end of August 2025.

Recent update
Consultation opened 5 November 2025 -

We would like your feedback on the draft advisory circular (AC) for airworthiness cybersecurity for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS).

Airworthiness cybersecurity is about the protection of aviation information systems from cyber threats. most importantly, this relates to intentional unauthorised electronic interactions that may result in adverse effects upon the safety of an aircraft.

Submit your feedback by 5 December 2025 via our Consultation Hub.

AA2a: Publish policy position for certifying piloted AAM

Updated 3 October 2025

View Aircraft and aircraft systems timeline

Roadmap for AAM Type Certification -

The National Aviation Authorities Network released the Roadmap for Advanced Air Mobility Aircraft Type Certification on 17 June 2025.

It aims to ensure safety, support collaboration, encourage innovation and streamline the certification and validation process for new aircraft types across international borders.

Hydrogen symposium -

We held a hydrogen and fuel cell airworthiness meeting on February 26, 2025. Industry shared key challenges and gaps in the regulations. This supports regulations for AAM aircraft in Australia.

Recent update
Roadmap for AAM Type Certification -

The National Aviation Authorities Network released the Roadmap for Advanced Air Mobility Aircraft Type Certification on 17 June 2025.

It aims to ensure safety, support collaboration, encourage innovation and streamline the certification and validation process for new aircraft types across international borders.

AA2b: Publish airworthiness criteria and certification guidelines for piloted AAM

Updated 25 November 2025

View Aircraft and aircraft systems timeline

Milestone update -

We anticipate that we will deliver guidance via an Advisory Circular (AC) incorporating both the national policy position (AA2a) and relevant airworthiness criteria.

We are balancing the benefits of incorporating learnings from early applicants against finalising the AC in line with the original milestone. Consultation with the Biannual Roadmap Technical Working Group informs how we do so.

Hydrogen symposium -

We held a hydrogen and fuel cell airworthiness meeting on 26 February 2025. Industry shared key challenges and gaps in the regulations. This work supports regulations for AAM aircraft in Australia.

Recent update
Milestone update -

We anticipate that we will deliver guidance via an Advisory Circular (AC) incorporating both the national policy position (AA2a) and relevant airworthiness criteria.

We are balancing the benefits of incorporating learnings from early applicants against finalising the AC in line with the original milestone. Consultation with the Biannual Roadmap Technical Working Group informs how we do so.

AA2c: Publish acceptable means of compliance for certification of piloted AAM

Updated 11 December 2024

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AA3: Progress the development of a fit for purpose continuing airworthiness policy for AAM

Updated 11 December 2024

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AA4a: Publish a policy position for the airworthiness certification of RPAS

Updated 31 October 2025

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Consultation Open 21 October 2025 -

We are seeking feedback on proposed amendments to the current requirements for airworthiness certification of large Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA).

This action is part of the RPAS and AAM Strategic Regulatory Roadmap.

The proposed amendment would provide flexibility in 2 areas:

  • The types of certificates of airworthiness that may be used for operations of large RPA
  • The circumstances where a certificate of airworthiness may not be required for operations of large RPA.

Submit your feedback by 21 November 2025 via our Consultation Hub.

Regulation amendments -

We are preparing amendments to the Part 101 regulations and MOS. These amendments will provide more flexibility for airworthiness certification of large RPA. We expect the proposed changes to be ready for public consultation by the end of 2025. It is important to note that this process depends on resources outside of CASA control, but we aim for the regulation to be made in the first half of 2026.

Recent update
Consultation Open 21 October 2025 -

We are seeking feedback on proposed amendments to the current requirements for airworthiness certification of large Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA).

This action is part of the RPAS and AAM Strategic Regulatory Roadmap.

The proposed amendment would provide flexibility in 2 areas:

  • The types of certificates of airworthiness that may be used for operations of large RPA
  • The circumstances where a certificate of airworthiness may not be required for operations of large RPA.

Submit your feedback by 21 November 2025 via our Consultation Hub.

AA5: Progress the development of a fit for purpose continuing airworthiness policy for higher-risk RPAS

Updated 31 October 2025

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Consultation open 21 October 2025 -

We are seeking your feedback on proposed changes to Civil Aviation Order (CAO) 100.24.

We intend these changes to reduce the administration and time involved in the maintenance authority application and approval process required for large Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA).

The amendment would establish a streamlined administrative arrangement to improve application and processing times.

Submit your feedback by 18 November 2025 via our Consultation Hub.

Continuing airworthiness -

We are working to improve outcomes for maintenance permissions required under the current rules (e.g., CASR 101.260, 101.265, 101.020, and CAO 100.24).

We are focused on ensuring the competency of maintenance personnel and achieving practical outcomes that reflect the aircraft type and risk of operation.

We encourage industry to provide feedback to their TWG representatives.

Recent update
Consultation open 21 October 2025 -

We are seeking your feedback on proposed changes to Civil Aviation Order (CAO) 100.24.

We intend these changes to reduce the administration and time involved in the maintenance authority application and approval process required for large Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA).

The amendment would establish a streamlined administrative arrangement to improve application and processing times.

Submit your feedback by 18 November 2025 via our Consultation Hub.

AA6: Publish guidance on the evidence required for RPAS airworthiness and operational safety goals

Updated 21 May 2025

View Aircraft and aircraft systems timeline

Priority task -

We have identified this as a priority task, and we have started working on it. We plan to deliver guidance progressively between now and Q2 2026.

Recent update
Priority task -

We have identified this as a priority task, and we have started working on it. We plan to deliver guidance progressively between now and Q2 2026.

AA7a: Develop a policy position for the airworthiness certification of remotely piloted AAM

Updated 11 December 2024

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AA8: Develop a policy position for automation and autonomy in AAM and RPAS

Updated 11 December 2024

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AA4c: Publish acceptable means of compliance for certified RPAS

Updated 11 December 2024

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AA7c: Publish acceptable means of compliance for remotely piloted AAM

Updated 11 December 2024

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AA9: Review and update airworthiness guidance for AAM aligned with international harmonisation

Updated 11 December 2024

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AA10a: Publish airworthiness requirements and guidance for highly automated and autonomous RPAS

Updated 11 December 2024

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AA10b: Publish acceptable means of compliance for highly automated and autonomous RPAS

Updated 11 December 2024

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AA11a: Publish airworthiness criteria and certification guidance for highly automated and autonomous AAM

Updated 11 December 2024

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AA11b: Publish acceptable means of compliance for highly automated and autonomous AAM

Updated 11 December 2024

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Online version available at: https://www.casa.gov.au//search-centre/publication-initiatives-parent
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