Civil Aviation Safety Regulations
(CASR 1998)

CASR Part 172 Manual of Standards (MOS)
Air traffic services

Revision History (Issued April 2006)

Foreword

Chapter 1: Introduction

Section 1.1: General
1.1.1 Background
1.1.2 Document Set
1.1.3 Differences Between ICAO Standards and those in MOS
1.1.4 Differences Published in AIP
1.1.5 MOS Documentation Change Management
1.1.6 Related Documents
1.1.7 Abbreviations
Section 1.2: Definitions
1.2.2 Introduction

Chapter 2: Operations manual

Section 2.1: General
2.1.1 Introduction
2.1.2 Content of the Operations Manual

Chapter 3: ATS facilities and equipment

Section 3.1: General
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Control Towers
3.1.3 Area and Approach Control Units
3.1.4 Commissioning of New Facilities and Equipment

Chapter 4: Personnel

Section 4.1: General

Chapter 5: Training and checking program

Section 5.1: General
5.1.1 Introduction
5.1.2 Program
5.1.3 Competency
5.1.4 Training Courses
5.1.5 Emergency Training
5.1.6 Refresher Training
5.1.7 On-going Training
5.1.8 Remedial Training
5.1.9 Checking
5.1.10 Qualifications of Trainers and Checkers

Chapter 6: Safety management system (SMS)

Section 6.1: General
6.1.1 Features of Safety Managemetn System
6.1.2 Safety Case Preparation

Chapter 7: Contingency plans

Section 7.1: General
7.1.1 Introduction
7.1.2 Minimum Contents

Chapter 8: Security program

Section 8.1: General
8.1.1 Introduction
8.1.2 Security Measures

Chapter 9: Documents and records

Section 9.1: General
9.1.1 Documents
9.1.2 Records
9.1.3 Records to be Kept
9.1.4 Maintaining Records
9.1.5 Maintaining Operational Log Books
9.1.6 Voice and Data Recording

Chapter 10: Standards for the provision of air traffic services

Section 10.1: General
10.1.1 Purpose
10.1.2 Air Traffic Services Commensurate with Airspace Classification
10.1.3 Traffic Priorities

Section 10.2: ATS Surveillance Systems
10.2.1 Use of ADS-B Surveillance
10.2.2 Operation of ADS-B Transmitters
10.2.3 Verification of Level Information
10.2.4 Determination of Level Occupancy Using ATS Surveillance System-deerived Level Information
10.2.5 Establishment of Identification
10.2.6 Position Information
10.2.7 Use of Speed Control
10.2.8 Termination of ATS Surveillance Services
10.2.9 Obstacle Clearance
10.2.10 Surveillance Radar Approach (SRA) Procedures
10.2.11 Vectoring Special VFR
10.2.12 Issuing ATS Surveillance System Derived Distance
10.2.13 Radar Cloud Break Procedure

Section 10.3: Circuits and Runways
10.3.1 Selection of Runway in Use
10.3.2 Simultaneous Parallel Runway Operations
Section 10.4: Departures and Arrivals
10.4.1 Arriving Aircraft
10.4.2 Independent Parallel Approaches in IMC
10.4.3 Dependent Parallel Approaches in IMC
10.4.4 Independent Parallel Departures
10.4.5 Independent Parallel Visual Approaches
10.4.6 Dependent Parallel Visual Approaches
10.4.7 Segregated Parallel Operations in IMC
10.4.8 Simultaneous Opposite Direction Parallel Runway Operations (SODPROPS)

Section 10.5: Separation Standards - General
10.5.1 Application of Separation Standards
10.5.2 Separation of VFR using navigation aids
10.5.3 Formation or In-Company Flights
10.5.4 Airspace Boundaries
10.5.5 Radar Separation Minima
10.5.6 Separation Between ADS-C Tracks and Radar Tracks

Section 10.6: Separation Standards-Longitudinal
10.6.1 Mach Number Technique
10.6.2 Application of Longitudinal Time Minima
10.6.3 Cross Check Calculations
10.6.4 Longitudinal Time Separation Minima
10.6.5 Application of Time Departure Minima
10.6.6 Time Departure Separation Minima
10.6.7 Application of Longitudinal Distance Separation
10.6.8 Use of DME/GPS Separation
10.6.9 RNAV Separation
10.6.10 Longitudinal Distance Separation Using ADS-C
10.6.11 Distance Separation Minima
10.6.12 RNAV Distance Separation Minima
10.6.13 Distance Separation Minima using RNAV with Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Contact

Section 10.7: Separation Standards - Vertical
10.7.1 Vertical Buffers between Aircraft Inside and Outside Controlled Airspace
10.7.2 Vertical Separation Below High Altitude Balloons
10.7.3 Step Climbs and Descents
10.7.4 Specifying Rates of Climb
10.7.5 Rate in Step Climb/Descent
10.7.6 Assigning Vacated Levels
10.7.7 Vertical Separation Using ADS-C
10.7.8 Transition Layer, Altitude and Level
10.7.9 Common Altimeter Settings
10.7.10 Levels Unavailable with QNH less than 1013
10.7.11 Vertical Separation Minima

Section 10.8: Separation Standards - Lateral
10.8.1 Lateral Separation Buffer
10.8.2 Application of Lateral Separation
10.8.3 Navigation Tolerances

Section 10.9: Separation Standards - Applicable to En-route Area Navigation by Aircraft using Inertial Navigation Systems
10.9.1 Introduction
10.9.2 Lateral Separation
10.9.3 Longitudinal Separation
10.9.4 Distance Standards
10.9.5 Explanation of Derivation of Longitudinal Separation Standards

Section 10.10: Separation Standards - Visual
10.10.1 Application
10.10.2 Separation using Visual Observation
10.10.3 Separating Approaching Aircraft Beyond Tower View

Section 10.11: Separation Standards - Miscellaneous
10.11.1 Parachute Jumping Exercise (PJE)
10.11.2 Limitations and Extensions - PJE
10.11.3 High Altitude Balloons
10.11.4 Manned Balloon Operations
10.11.5 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)
10.11.6 ACAS/TCAS Resolution Advisory Action
10.11.7 Unspecified Operations

Section 10.12: Separation Standards - Wake Turbulence
10.12.1 Interpretation
10.12.2 Wake Turbulence Separation Minima
10.12.3 Application

Section 10.13: Separation Standards - Aerodrome
10.13.1 Taxiing and Runway Standards
10.13.2 Arriving aircraft and an Aircraft Taking Off
10.13.3 Simultaneous Parallel Operations
10.13.4 Training Approaches
10.13.5 Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)
10.13.6 Landing Distance Required (LDR) for LAHSO
10.13.7 Letters of Agreement for LAHSO
10.13.8 Separation and Traffic Information - GAAP
10.13.9 Runway Separation Minima

Chapter 11: Information provided to pilots

Section 11.1: General
11.1.1 Essential Aerodrome Information - GAAP
11.1.2 Take-off or Landing Information
11.1.3 Safety Alerts
11.1.4 Altimetry
11.1.5 Traffic Information

Chapter 12: Information transfer

Section 12.1: General
12.1.1 Validity of an ATC Clearance
12.1.2 Level Assignment
12.1.3 Clearances for Special VFR Aircraft
12.1.4 Clearances Below LSALT
12.1.5 Clearance Limits
12.1.6 Clearance Readbacks
12.1.7 Transfer of identification

Section 12.2: Enroute/Terminal Clearances
12.2.1 Departure Clearances
12.2.2 ATC Route Clearances
12.2.3 STAR Clearances
12.2.4 Approach Clearances

Section 12.3: Aerodrome Clearances
12.3.1 General
12.3.2 Taxi and Pre-Taxi Instructions
12.3.3 Line Up and Take-off Clearances
12.3.4 Landing Clearances

Section 12.4: General Aviation Aerodrome Procedures

Section 12.5: Circuit Operations GAAP
12.5.1 Circuit Operations GAAP

Section 12.6: GAAP Aerodrome Clearances
12.6.1 General

Chapter 13: Abnormal operations

Section 13.1: Weather Deviation and RVSM Contingency Procedures
13.1.1 Weather Deviation in Oceanic Airspace
13.1.2 Aircraft Equipment Failures in RVSM Airspace

Section 13.2: In Flight Emergency Response
13.2.1 Emergency Changes of Level
13.2.2 Fuel Dumping

Chapter 14: Aeronautical communications

Section 14.1: General
14.1.1 Acknowledging Receipt of Coordination
14.1.2 Telephony Protocols
14.1.3 Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications Network